Iraqi leader must step aside

Trudy Rubin

Wednesday, July 16, 2014 | 2 a.m.

Having ignored Iraq since 2009, the Obama team is now desperately trying to devise a way to prevent its total collapse — and to roll back the jihadi state newly established on a third of Iraqi territory.

The only slim hope of doing either requires the ouster of the leader whom the United States has backed for nearly a decade, Iraq’s paranoid prime minister, Nouri al-Maliki.

Al-Maliki’s sectarian Shiite politics have driven Iraq’s Sunnis — a fifth of the country’s population — into the arms of the Islamic State movement (known as ISIS). This jihadi group recently seized control of the country’s second-largest city, Mosul, and declared a “caliphate” spanning western Iraq and eastern Syria.

If al-Maliki stays on, he may trigger a regional Sunni-Shiite holy war that threatens America’s Mideast allies. His presence will attract more foreign fighters to join an estimated 3,000 Europeans and dozens of Americans already training inside the so-called caliphate.

Iraqi Kurds, Sunnis and two of the major Shiite parties now oppose him. Even Iraq’s Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani has signaled it’s time for al-Maliki to exit. Yet, the Iraqi leader insists he will serve a third term.

Having squandered its influence in Baghdad, Washington has little leverage left to help ease al-Maliki out.

Al-Maliki was a problem from the time the United States first backed him as a compromise choice for prime minister in 2006. When I asked Iraqi politicians back then to describe him, they repeated the phrase, “Dawa, Dawa, Dawa,” meaning he retained the conspiratorial mindset developed in the underground Dawa party of Shiites that fought Saddam Hussein for decades. Al-Maliki’s inner circle consisted of aides from Dawa with the same limited outlook.

Although he briefly adopted a more inclusive outlook, he had begun a systematic campaign to seize control of the army and the state by 2009. The Obama team ignored his power grab; U.S. officials in Baghdad stopped the mediation between Iraqi factions that had been crucial to ending sectarian strife in 2007-08.

By 2010, the gains of the U.S. troop surge — when Sunni tribes turned against al-Qaida in return for promises to include them in the bureaucracy and in Iraqi forces — had been squandered. Al-Maliki reneged on those promises and arrested thousands of Sunnis. He also placed cronies in top command positions in the Iraqi army and strengthened Shiite militias. These actions precipitated the army’s recent collapse in Mosul and convinced Sunni tribes to back the Islamic State.

In late 2010, al-Maliki even threatened U.S. officials in a meeting in Baghdad, saying he would restart a Shiite insurgency in southern Iraq if they failed to back him for a second term. I was told this by Ali Khedery, a U.S. official who served as a special assistant to four ambassadors in Baghdad and to Gen. David Petraeus.

Yet, Washington backed al-Maliki’s return as prime minister in 2010.

Belatedly, the White House realizes it backed a destroyer. Secretary of State John Kerry has now made two quick trips trying to encourage Iraqi politicians to choose a prime minister who would reach out to alienated Kurds and Sunnis. Although al-Maliki’s party won a plurality in recent elections, it would be possible to oust him if other parties, including Kurds, Sunnis and some Shiites, united behind another candidate.

Although the odds are awful, what would it take to persuade al-Maliki to leave?

First, it would require the full engagement of Obama and Kerry, and the application of all remaining U.S. leverage to help mediate an alternative to al-Maliki. Kerry should make clear that no U.S. planes or air support will be forthcoming to such a sectarian prime minister. As Petraeus put it recently, the United States cannot become “the air force for Shia militias.”

Second, Iran would have to accept a Shiite alternative to al-Maliki (the Iranians are the key political operators in Baghdad). This would make rational sense for Tehran, since the collapse of Iraq, and the emergence of a Sunni jihadi caliphate, threaten Iranian interests. But the debate said to be ongoing in Tehran about whether to dump the Iraqi leader has apparently not been resolved.

Third, Iraq’s Kurds, Sunnis and many Shiites would have to realize that the “partition” of Iraq is no solution. “We will not fall apart in three neat pieces — it would look more like Somalia,” says Feisal Istrabadi, the distinguished former Iraqi diplomat who is now a professor at the University of Indiana Law School. Kurds would be threatened by the Islamic State; Sunnis and Shiites would be dragged into bloody conflicts with each other and within their own communities, as militias proliferated.

This may be the disaster toward which things are headed. But the White House must at least try to head it off.

Trudy Rubin is a columnist and editorial-board member for the Philadelphia Inquirer.