Before recession, success further fed gaming industry’s egos

But other factors helped set big companies up for the fall

Monday, March 16, 2009 | 2 a.m.

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Harrah’s Entertainment Chief Executive Gary Loveman once described CityCenter, built by competitor MGM Mirage, as “the sort of casino God would build if he had the money.”

Las Vegas’ casino giants did appear godlike before the recession. Theirs were among Wall Street’s highest-performing stocks, and they built on that success by constructing the world’s most expensive hotels.

In the haze of the ongoing economic hangover, these Las Vegas resorts — including some yet to be finished, such as CityCenter — look like the fevered dreams of out-of-control egos.

Indeed, casino giants are led by men with strong egos. An outsized ego and flair for showmanship are respected and encouraged in an industry that sells pleasure.

Yet it was primarily the lure of cold hard cash and future profits that led many of these executives down the wrong path. Although ego did play a role.

“We could describe a project almost anywhere in the world, show pictures of beautiful buildings designed by leading architects, and we would have banks lined up at the door prepared to lend money on that basis,” Loveman said in a recent interview with Knowledge@W.P. Carey, published by the W.P. Carey School of Business at Arizona State University.

Loveman said he was guilty of grabbing the cheap cash. “You’re looking at a guy who had his mouth in the trough on this to a fairly large degree,” Loveman told the publication.

So too are people “at every level of American life”, including homeowners and consumers, he said.

Americans were using rapidly inflating real estate values to fund their spending, some of which included trips here.

Las Vegas was the right kind of place at the right time.

Loveman’s statements might not sound like a mea culpa to people who have lost jobs, hours or benefits. Even some Nevadans are now taking secret pleasure in the industry’s fall.

Nor will executives find sympathy from those critical of Las Vegas, the conspicuous consumption it has come to represent and the inflated riches of its top executives.

Bill Eadington, director of the Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming at the University of Nevada, Reno, is one of the sympathetic ones. Gaming matured into a cutthroat business that “required bold action to stay ahead of the competition,” he said.

These actions, and the debt that funded them, now look foolish and damaging to employees and other stakeholders, he said.

But not all industry captains leveraged their way to the brink of bankruptcy.

While MGM Mirage, Harrah’s and Station Casinos aimed to dominate a market, operators such as George Maloof, Michael Gaughan and Steve Wynn focused on building single properties rather than acquiring empires.

Mandalay Resort Group executives Mike Ensign and Bill Richardson were called too cautious for selling their company to MGM Mirage in 2005, well before the growth wave crested. But their nervousness about the future, which seemed out of place at the time, now looks prescient.

Ego doesn’t always indicate an appetite for risk. Wynn and Bill Boyd — Boyd Gaming’s former chief executive and now a major shareholder — are at opposite ends of the ego spectrum, yet both companies are better-positioned because of a more deliberative approach to development. Analysts say Boyd Gaming would have been in trouble had the company continued work on its Echelon resort — a risky project it was smart to mothball in this economy.

Though it’s easy to blame gaming declining fortunes on arrogance, these executives were enabled by banks and a spendthrift public. It’s another reason some see Las Vegas, the epitome of conspicuous consumption in America, as a reflection of the country’s current troubles.

Discussion: 7 comments so far…

By bdover

3/16/09 at 7:18 a.m.

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Well written article. It is so true that the Gaughans, Maloofs, and Wynns know their stuff, and are generally spoken kindly of, except by Wynn's dealers.

Harrah's Loveman? Massachusetts egghead who brought Harrah's to its knees. How's that "going private" working out?

Venetians Adelson? Massachusetts pit bull who is bringing the Venetian down and down.

Maybe we need to have a casino skills test for out of town interlopers prior to letting them work in our town, a town that is in so much pain right now...
By Rocco

3/16/09 at 11:31 a.m.

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I can tell you that Harras is the worst in all areas
By Frankm507

3/16/09 at 4:47 p.m.

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Yes, it is a well written article, but hardly any new revelations here. Even before the economy tanked, many of us viewed City Center as way too speculative and over-sized, even by Vegas standards. Always wondering when they would hit the "tipping point" with over-capacity. The fall of Vegas post 2007,will soon be found in business school text books near you under the heading "the greatest miscalculation in the history of commercial construction".
By ssenjo

3/16/09 at 8:12 p.m.

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I'm sure grandiosity is to blame for some of the troubles which have befallen Las Vegas, but I still have many reservations. Whordes of baby-boomers are still going to come to Vegas - look at the popularity of M. Up here in Elko County you'd never know the economy is down. Isn't this more of an economic adjustment that is necessary for another long term run of prosperity?
By denro

3/16/09 at 9:48 p.m.

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OMG, Whordes? Now there's a word I've never seen before...is that like a lot of prostitutes?

I'll tell you this, as soon as I saw the scope of City Center, I knew in an instant it was overbuilt, and that was my impression in the old economy.

Too bad for Mr. K. Not that he will ever be on in a cheese line, but I am sure he wishes he wasn't dealing with this hangover, especially at his age

Grandiosity is a good word for it. It probably made sense at one point, but now it looks like a bad bet.

Can't sell the condo's, and who can tell what the Aria ADR is going to be?

Mirage is giving away rooms in November and December to club members. I have never been given free rooms, but I am now... thanks a lot MGM.

I miss Vegas of the fifties.
By tvegas

3/17/09 at 2:38 p.m.

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Believe me... these egos need no feeding.
By In2wishin

3/17/09 at 9:43 p.m.

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Childhood's End
My wife and I stayed at the Boardwalk Hotel on its last night. Shortly before the place was shut down the next day, I spoke with a representative of MGM Mirage who was was among a group of people waiting to attend the ceremony for Mrs. Jansen, former Bordwalk owner.

"Surely," I offered, "MGM Mirage will incoroporate the Boardwalk theme into the coming redevelopment of the site--so many people are attached to this place."
The official looked at me as though I were a child asking Santa for a foolish wish.
He answered to the effect that there would be no "themes" in the new project, but rather the establishment of an international city model, a trend of sophistication which the company believed would be in the best interest of the future of Las Vegas.
I went away feeling numbed by the thought of steel girders and glass being driven into the heart of a once-charming place in my life.

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